Sci/162 Principles of Health Wellness Free Essays

Going on and off starvation diets will block long â€term weight reduction since this sort of eating less junk food |A. ruins supplement digestion. | |B. We will compose a custom exposition test on Sci/162 Principles of Health Wellness or then again any comparable theme just for you Request Now cultivates wrong exercise propensities. | |C. hinders the basal metabolic rate. | |D. increment the measure of fundamental fat. | |2) The achievement pace of keeping up weight reduction is improved with |A. kept counting calories. | |B. expanded protein. | |C. work out. | |D. diminished fundamental fat. | |3) Which of coming up next is certifiably not a serious result of weight? |A. Malignant growth | |B. Dementia | |C.Premature demise | |D. Asthma | |4)â __________ is twice as basic in hefty grown-ups as in the individuals who are at a solid weight. |A. Diabetes | |B. Hypertension | |C. Rest apnea | |D. Bosom malignant growth | |5) Associated wellbeing dangers of heftiness include: |A. Nerve stones and influenza | |B. Diabetes and lung disease | |C. Diminished triglycerides and joint pain | |D. Rest apnea and diabetes | |6) To lose one pound, you should consume roughly what number of calories? |A. 2,500 calories | |B. 4,500 calories | |C. 3,500 calories | |D. 50 calories | |7) Research has discovered that there is wellbeing hazard related with how fat is dispersed in the body. From a wellbeing viewpoint, the most unsafe dispersion of muscle to fat ratio is having progressively fat |A. in the hips and thighs. | |B. in the stomach territory. | |C. in the bottom. | |D. over the abdomen. | |8) What advantage does adore have on your wellbeing? |A. It fulfills you. | |B. Cherishing connections increment our capacity to think fundamentally. | |C. Love has indistinguishable advantages from exercise and great sustenance. | |D. Love makes you need to work out, accordingly diminishing stoutness. | |9) Intimate connections satisfy our mental requirement for somebody to tune in to our concerns and concerns. This is known as our requirement for |A. reliance. | |B. suddenness. | |C. social incorporation. | |D. happiness. | |10) Dysfunctional family connections are portrayed by: |A. negative collaborations. | |B. veritable closeness. | |C. elevated levels of self esteem. | |D. showing up in certain ethnic gatherings. | |11) George and Kate consistently bolster each others’ interests, wanting to guarantee that the other will succeed. This best exhibits they are A. rehearsing sequential monogamy. | |B. advocates for one another. | |C. giving the most extreme to one another. | |D. personally restrictive. | |12) Which of coming up next isn't a system for improving a relationship: |A. Improve correspondence through finding out about yourself. | |B. Request explanation in the event that you don’t comprehend what your accomplice is stating. | |C. Become a superior audience by being diligent. | |D. Unwind and have a mixed beverage before a discussion. | |13) To improve an undesirable relationship you could improve correspondence by: |A. ecoming all the more tolerating of yourself. | |B. changing your â€Å"I† articulations to â€Å"you† explanations. | |C. keeping individual data hidden. | |D. perceiving that quiet is never the best methodology. | |14) Terms, for example, conduct reliance, need satisfaction, and enthusiastic accessibility depict which kind of relationship? |A. Broken | |B. Social | |C. Sexual | |D. Close | |15) Leaving a stomach in for longer than the suggested timeframe expands the hazard for |A. pregnancy. | |B. hypertension. | |C. Poisonous Shock Syndrome. | |D. Helps. | |16) One principle favorable position of the wipe as a preventative gadget is |A. the fit is more agreeable than different gadgets. | |B. it ensures well against all STIs. | |C. it doesn't require a fitting from a specialist. | |D. its high security rates for pregnancy. | |17)â __________ help forestall the spread of some explicitly transmitted illnesses and are dependable against pregnancy. |A. Spermicides | |B. Cervical tops | |C. Condoms | |D. Lea’s shield | |18) Which of coming up next isn't a technique for improving as an audience: A. Show compassion and compassion | |B. Intrude on frequently to request explanation | |C. Be determined | |D. Take an interest in the discussion | |19) Lovers will in general focus on the other individual in any event, when they ought to be associated with different exercises. This is called |A. incorporation. | |B. interest. | |C. selectiveness. | |D. true closeness. | |20) Lisa and Chris are dear companions and colleagues. Every day they have a shared effect and impact one another. This model best exhibits |A. the requirement for their social satisfaction. | |B. he social association in the relationship. | |C. their separation to one another’s emotions. | |D. their accessibility for one another. | |21) Women secure themselves against harmful stun condition by: |A. keeping away from sex. | |B. expelling stomachs inside 24 hours of utilization. | |C. utilizing a boundary technique preventative. | |D. utilizing a spermicide. | |22) You can forestall HIV disease by: |A. not utilizing illegal medications. | |B. not taking part in unprotected sex. | |C. not taking part in sexual acts with sex laborers. | |D. participating in sexual acts with a couple of accomplices. | |23) What is the main strategy for forestalling pregnancy that works 100 percent of the time? |A. Boundary contraceptives | |B. Crisis contraception | |C. Restraint | |D. Tubal ligation | |24) Marie’s sweetheart revealed to her he just returned home from the center where he learned he had gonorrhea. Which of the accompanying explanations is valid? |A. Marie ought to go to the facility at the earliest opportunity to get herself tried for gonorrhea and rewarded in the event that she has it. | |B.Marie should part ways with this person since he clearly is playing with different young ladies simply like her last sweetheart did. | |C. Marie doesn't have to stress since young ladies don't get STIs. | |D. Marie doesn't have to stress since she doesn't have any indications. | |25) To adequately forestall disease, one must purge hands by: |A. cleaning their hands with foamy foam for 10 seconds, at that point flush with warm water for 10 seconds, for an all out procedure time of 20 seconds. | |B. washing with cool water for 20 seconds. | |C. crubbing their hands with lathery foam for 20 seconds, at that point flush with warm water. | |D. washing with heated water for 20 seconds. | |26) What would you be able to do to decrease your danger of cardiovascular ailment? |A. Cut back on unsaturated fats | |B. Increment triglycerides | |C. Keep away from tobacco | |D. Expend 5-10 milligrams of plant sterols every day | |27) Which of coming up next isn't a successful method to control hypertension? |A. Diminish sodium consumption | |B. Customary exercise | |C. Weight reduction | |D. Increment caloric admission | |28) What hazard factor can prompt numerous infections? A. Elevated cholesterol | |B. Insulin inadequacies | |C. Radiation | |D. Corpulence | |29) The significant hazard factor for constant bronchitis is |A. cigarette smoking. | |B. dust noticeable all around. | |C. past hypersensitivities. | |D. family ancestry. | |30) Betty has cervical disease. It is most likely identified with the __________ contamination she got back in school. |A. hepatitis A | |B. human papillomavirus | |C. chlamydia | |31) The following isn't correct about smokeless tobacco: |A. It contains more nicotine than cigarettes. | |B. Most smokeless tobacco clients are youthful guys. | |C. It doesn't contain disease causing substances. | |D. It is similarly as addictive as smoking. | |32) A powerless and fast heartbeat, unpredictable breathing examples, and the failure to be stimulated are on the whole indications of |A. medicate resistance. | |B. liquor harming. | |C. alcoholic hepatitis. | |D. asthma. | |33) Using a nicotine fix for smoking end is a case of |A. ingestion. | |B. infusion. | |C. inward breath. | |D. inunction. | |34) Who would in all likelihood become another smoker in the United States? |A. A more seasoned grown-up | |B.A college alumni | |C. A hands on specialist | |D. A youngster | |35) Which of coming up next is a great indication of sedative fixation? |A. Faltering discourse. | |B. Hanging eyelids. | |C. Ragged looking eyes. | |D. Visual unsettling influences. | |36) The hypothesis that a medication appends itself to particular cells in the body due to its size, shape, electrical charge, and compound properties is known as the |A. tranquilize collaboration hypothesis. | |B. pharmacological connection hypothesis. | |C. receptor site hypothesis. | |D. medicate physiology hypothesis. | Step by step instructions to refer to Sci/162 Principles of Health Wellness, Papers

Comparison and contrast essay Anchorage,Alaska and Key West Florida

Correlation and complexity Anchorage,Alaska and Key West Florida - Essay Example Maybe. Key West, Florida and Anchorage, Alaska might be a huge number of miles separated geologically and socially, yet somehow or another, they are for all intents and purposes nearby neighbors. The primary striking distinction between these two urban areas is clearly geology and atmosphere. Key West is the westernmost island of the archipelago known as The Florida Keys. Nearness to the Tropic of Capricorn and the warm flows of the Caribbean Sea give Key West a mild normal temperature of 82oF. Add to this a yearly precipitation of about 40 inches for every year and you have a wonderful atmosphere fit for supporting a large group of fascinating vegetation while giving numerous long stretches of radiant climate to appreciate the waters encompassing the island. Obviously, any city that has assumed the title of â€Å"Southernmost City in America† would do well to have a lot of warm climate and daylight to back up their case. Jetty, while not the northernmost city in America is an extraordinary arrangement not the same as Key West. One has no compelling reason to look past the crude numbers to see that two increasingly various urban communities couldn't be found in America with respect to topography and atmosphere. Harbor brags and normal yearly temperature of 35oF with a normal yearly precipitation of only 16 inches (a large portion of it of the solidified variety)(Hoare, 2008). Despite the fact that late spring days can venture into the mid 70’s, summer and winter climate is flighty in Anchorage. 40oF swings in temperature have been known to happen inside the space of a few hours. Mooring appreciates long summer days because of its high scope, yet the subarctic atmosphere encompassing the city deters a great many people from spending those mid year days swimming in the bone chilling beach front waters close by. An extra geographic element that makes Anchorage entirely different that Key West is t he close by nearness of dynamic volcanoes. Periodic debris collection from these volcanoes represents a slight

Tolstoys Macaroni and Cheese and Other Recipes from Classic Authors

Tolstoys Macaroni and Cheese and Other Recipes from Classic Authors Its not unusual to find a contemporary author that includes recipes within a books pages (see Sarah McCoys The Bakers Daughter)  or to even publish an entire cookbook (see Patricia Cornwells  Food to Die For). Authors share recipes and food photos via social media. We see how food affects their writing, and we pick up some great tips for the kitchen or restaurant recommendations. This is just one of the many ways that we connect with authors today that just wasnt an option before. Its a good thing, then, that we have access to the letters and journals and recipe cards of the great authors like this recipe from Leo Tolstoy for Mac N Cheese  (via the fine folks at Open Culture). When I saw that link reposted over the holidays, it got me wondering what other great recipes I could find out there from some of our favorite authors.  Take a look: Emily Dickinsons recipe for coconut cake (via NPR) Allen Ginsbergs Summer Borscht (via The Allen Ginsberg Project) Beatrix Potters recipe for Gingerbread (via The Kitchn) Ernest Hemingways Wild West Hamburger (via Saveur) Theres also    Sylvia Plaths Tomato Soup Cake (via The Guardian) and  George Orwells unpublished essay on British Cookery, including recipes for a Christmas Pudding, Treacle Tart, and other British delicacies (via UCL Library Special Collections). On my little trip down this particular literary rabbit hole, I also discovered a super-cool blog called Paper Salt that attempts to recreate and reinterpret the dishes that iconic authors discuss in their letters, diaries, essays, and fiction. Its definitely worth checking out. ____________________ Follow us on Pinterest for drool-worthy covers, Book Fetish-y lit swag, bookish inspiration, and more! ____________________ Book Riot Live is coming! Join us for a two-day event full of books, authors, and an all around good time. Its the convention for book lovers that weve always wanted to attend. So we are doing it ourselves.

Grumman F8F Bearcat The WWII US Navy Fighter

The Pseudoscience of the Modern World - 1624 Words

The creation and development of Alchemy has been teeming with countless stories of philosophical theories, alchemic brilliance, and public ridicule and disgrace due to failure to create a legendary substance known as the Philosophers stone. As a result, this stone has been one of the most pursued objects of Europe an history providing the driving force for Alchemy. This sacred art is what pioneered the very first tools, process, and theories of modern chemistry (Alchemy). Current generations of Americans were most likely introduced to the concept of Alchemy in American literature such as in works by Shakespeare (Alchemy in Art). Many of these books actually portrayed real characters such as Nicholas Flamel, a real alchemist in the 13th†¦show more content†¦His other theory states there are four Aristotelian Qualities: hot, dry, wet, and cold. Each classic element was thought to be a different combination of two of these qualities (Aristotle). Aristotle also gave a theory that was most likely responsible for the search for gold. The theory stated that perfection in the natural world is achieved over time. Not a bad idea, even in modern culture. Aristotle had much reason to believe in this. Natural transformations to perfection could easily be observed throughout nature. Examples include seeds turning into plants or caterpillars turning into butterflies. In both cases, a flower is the highest form of a seed. A butterfly is the highest form of a caterpillar. The greeks believed that gold was the highest form of metals. They also reasoned that metals grew in the earth. Similarly to a butterfly or seed, given enough time, all metals would eventually grow into gold. When the idea of the Philosophers Stone was heavily introduced in the 8th century, it was thought to speed up this growing (Alchemy and the Road). Greece’s enormous progression in all arts during the Hellenistic was due to the constant conquering of land by Alexander the Great. Among his first captured land was Egypt. Because he now had control of Egypt, he had access to Egypts treasures. This is where he discovered the Emerald Tablet and introduced it to the world. The tablet isShow MoreRelatedThe Differences Between Science And Science848 Words   |  4 Pagesinvestigation (2012, p. 123). Pseudoscience is any type of method or theories, such as astrology, that is considered to not have a scientific basis (2015). Pseudoscience doesn’t follow the scientific method like science does. It sticks with evidence that is found instead of figuring out if it is acclaimed in the natural world. Majority of this essay of course will come from Carey’s book, since it gives a better way to summarize the differences between these two subjects. Pseudoscience and science do haveRead MoreMedicine : A Long Unfortunate History Of Pseudoscience And Folklore1045 Words   |  5 Pages Medicine has a long unfortunate history of pseudoscience and folklore. In medieval times, the prescribed cure for a sick child would be to place a gourd in the crib of the infant. Pseudosciences such as astrology plagued the sick public with helpless cures. Many ills were thought to be soothed by bleeding the patient, which in reality did nothing, but harm the patient. It was said that early doctors would, â€Å"bleed, blister, and purge their patients to early graves.† Most of the naive philosophiesRead MoreShould We Let Astrology Affect Our Thinking Or Perception Towards Life? Essay1569 Words   |  7 Pagesthat astrology is a pseudoscience, but there is a small amount of scientific evidence on whether if it is truly a pseudoscience or not. Some of them discuss that the psychological belief in astrology of oneself is the consequence of his or her desperation in finding solutions to their personal problems such as marriage and career which can somehow affect their life because of its psychological effects (Bennett, 1998). Besides, astrology is considered as an â€Å"ancestor† of modern science which is supportedRead MorePhilosopher Karl Popper And Empirical Falsification929 Words   |  4 Pagesif a hypothesis cannot be refuted, then it is not a scientific claim. Untestable ideas and theories within science are dubbed â€Å"pseudo-science† by Popper, because they have no falsification. Things like Anthropology and Sociology are considered pseudoscience because they involve case studies and do not actually test any specific theories or hypothesis. Popper’s criteria for a scientific theory to be considered real science is illustrated in his â€Å"Science as a Falsification†. For example, scientistsRead MoreThe Between Good Science And Pseudoscience1491 Words   |  6 Pagesbasic study. 5. Psychoanalyst → Trained in therapeutic approach started by Freud. Pg. 33, Looking Back 1. How does â€Å"psychobabble† differ from serious psychology? To tell the difference between good science and pseudoscience, one must look at the basic characteristics of each. Pseudoscience, or â€Å"psychobabble†, hooks people on the basis of confirmation in popular beliefs. It utilizes the art of wording and creates a pretty veneer of scientific actuality, when in reality, the branches it entails likeRead MoreThe Dilemma Of Scientific Demarcation. Science Has A Textbook1818 Words   |  8 PagesThe Dilemma of Scientific Demarcation Science has a textbook definition, a vague definition. â€Å"Practical and intellectual interest, through logical study of structure and behavior of the physical and natural world, through observations and experimentation.† Pseudoscience entertains an ambiguous definition as well. â€Å"claims that are presented as scientific, but deemed erroneous by the scientific method.† For a consensus to be reached on a definitive criterion of demarcation is possible, but not plausibleRead MoreThe Invention Of Modern Medicine1216 Words   |  5 Pages A revolutionary invention in modern medicine has changed the world in the past fifty years. In the 20th century, diseases such as polio, diphtheria, and rubella were commonplace and claimed millions of lives. Now they are something of the past- these illnesses are considered ‘eradicated diseases’. This massive increase in population immunization is due to the invention of vaccines and artificially acquired immunity. Vaccinations are critically important in preventing and maintaining individual andRead MoreAssess the Strengths and Weaknesses of the Psychodynamic Approach to Understanding Personality1681 Words   |  7 Pagesarising of ego defence mechanisms which explain individual differences in behaviour. Freudian theory has been adapted by neo-Freudians, however while psychodynamic theories and treat ments from which are still often used and widely known across the world, other theories of personality offer completely different approaches to human individuality and explanations diverge and provide weaknesses for Psychodynamic theory. Firstly, a brief account of psychodynamic theory. Freud proposed that there areRead MoreDemarcation in Philosophy of Science2129 Words   |  9 Pages  methods, implications of  science, and with the use and merit of science. Demarcation The  demarcation problem  in the  philosophy of science  is about how to distinguish between  science  and nonscience, and more specifically, between science and  pseudoscience (a theory or method doubtfully or mistakenly held to be scientific). The debate continues after over a century of dialogue among  philosophers of science  and  scientists  in various  fields, and despite broad agreement on the basics of  scientific methodRead MorePsychological Elements of the Crowd Essays1552 Words   |  7 PagesConforming to Riots: Psychological Elements of the Crowd I. Introduction From a psychological standpoint, crowds have been an elusive, enigmatic and frightening phenomenon; the nuances of the human mind in itself are elements which evoke worlds of study on their own, let alone the implications of attempting to analyze a collective of such minds. However, the study of crowd psychology is obligatory to enhance knowledge in many a field of study, including criminology and political science. Society’s

Power and Places Type Free Essays

We are going to talk about power and places type: - The power is necessarily an opposition between ruler and a ruled. There are many forms and places of power: Among the places of power, there are the White House, the Buckingham Palace, the Pentagon†¦ ? These places are powerful because they have political and military influence. Government is a governor who exercises his power through institutions such as the courts or prisons In this case, the governed are citizens who obey the laws of the government. We will write a custom essay sample on Power and Places Type or any similar topic only for you Order Now But sometimes there is abuse of power,and we see resistances to power, as when there was apartheid in South Africa. Indeed, there was a racial discrimination between blacks and whites. The great figure of the resistance in South Africa was Nelson Mandela: he fought all his life against discrimination against black, he was imprisoned for several years. ==========================================================================Among the forms of power, there is, for example, the power of the media. Indeed, the media play a very important role within today’s society. Media consists of books, television, movies, music, internet, radio, magazines, newspapers etc * Media have positive aspects: we can stay informed about political, social events very easily, you can have fun watching movies and listening to the music. (Through newspapers, TV, radio †¦) * But media have also bad/negative aspects. Indeed, today, it has become a great weapon to influence the opinions of individuals. For example, electronic media has the power to manipulate information, they can deny certain facts and expose another, they can broadcast in loop a topic to influence the vision of the mass of viewers (the presidential nominee can pay for more exposure on TV†¦) Media display the way of life for those who follows it. So media can influence the dressing manners of teenagers through theirs favorite film actors, etc. For example, children are specifically targeted in the advertisements. We teach them to eat Mc do’s burgers and drink coca cola. We can say that in this case, PEOPLE ARE BRAINWASHED BY MEDIA. In How to cite Power and Places Type, Papers

Girl Interrupted Essay Example For Students

Girl Interrupted Essay Both the book and the movie titled â€Å"Girl, Interrupted† tell the story of a young girl who is declared mentally ill in the late nineteen-sixties. The young girl, Susanna Kaysen, is diagnosed as borderline personality and sent to a mental hospital shortly after her high school graduation. While all of the other girls from her graduating class went on to college, Susanna had no major plans for her future but hoped to be a writer. The book tells the true story of her ordeal and the movie is based on the book. The two are very similar but have some small inconsistencies. The first major difference that I noticed between the book and the movie was the description of the nurse Valerie. Valerie was one of the head nurses in the mental hospital, one of the few workers in the hospital trusted by the patients. In the book Valerie is described as tall and skinny with fine and fair hair. In the film Valerie’s character was played by Whoopi Goldberg. Whoopi is medium height, of healthy stature with dark skin. Both characters acted very professionally and had compassion and understanding towards the patients. While the two characters had similar personalities, their physical appearance differed immensely. The second major discrepancy between the book and the movie occurs with the ending. In the film Susanna makes a fairly rapid recovery. Upon returning to the hospital after seeing her friend Daisy hang herself Susanna gains a strong desire to recover. She starts seeing Dr. Wick, slowly begins to recover, and eventually she is released from McLean Mental Hospital. In the book Susanna’s release comes rather suddenly as the result of a marriage proposal. Apparently a marriage proposal meant she was cured and free to go back into the world. One must wonder bout the changing values and social norms between the sixties and today. The difference between the two endings shows how social norms have changed since the time of the book to when the movie was released. Back in the late sixties woman were not as independent as they are today. When a woman like Susanna attempted to be independent she was considered to be defective. They were not expected to become great writers or important people, but rather women were expected to become good wives and mothers. Susanna clashed with the social norms when she refused to work as a dental technician or typist. Since she refused to conform to the ideal women’s job, the only other way she could be let out was apparently through a marriage proposal. Today it is more acceptable for women to have a strong career choice. Also if they choose to remain single they are certainly not considered mentally ill. The ending of the movie was changed to fit today’s culture. Presently it would seem absurd for a woman to spend two years in a psychiatric hospital only to be let out because of a simple marriage proposal. The two different endings describe two different cultures and their perceptions of normal.

Monitor Marketing Strategies and Tactics BBQfun

Strategies and tactics used to monitor and implement the promotional activities BBQfun is a leading chain store organization in Brisbane. Due to the level of market saturation, and hence competition, it aims to expand its operations and market share alike, through a marketing strategy that has been formulated by its management (Kotler, Adams, Brown Armstrong 2005).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Monitor Marketing Strategies and Tactics: BBQfun specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It has put the necessary mechanisms in place with an aim of achieving its goals and these include facilitation for payments through the introduction of convenient payment plans. In doing this, the organization has automated its stores to enable the customers pay their bills at their own convenience. Therefore, other than carrying cash wherever they go, customers will be able to use credit cards and visa cards to pay for their shopping. As a means of implementing the promotional activities of their wide range of products, the organization chose to reduce the prices of the essential goods while maintaining the quality of these products. This not only increased sales of the specific goods but also created awareness to the customer on the availability of the other goods. The company has also ventured into advertisements as this notifies the current and target markets on the existence of new products (Kotler et al. 2005). Monitoring has been done on the various methods of advertisements. The costs incurred in each of them has been analysed and compared with the returns. A promotion strategy yet to be laid out is the broadband roll out. This aims at cutting down the advertisement costs and reaching more people. Another strategy that is being used to monitor these activities is the launching of the loyalty programme. This has enabled the management to keep in touch with consumers and get their feedback on the products. The organization has also chosen to use market displays in promoting the products and also opted to collaborate with other industries in the joint- industry wide promotions. All these strategies are specifically targeted at introducing existing goods to new markets. They are also used for introducing new goods to current markets.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Strategies and tactics being used to monitor product, pricing and distribution decisions In keeping track of the products and their prices, the organization has strategized on market research. This has helped them in evaluating the market needs and the market prices for competing products. In offering quality products at lower prices, the organization opted to outsourcing as a strategy since it would cost less to import similar goods as compared to manufacturing. The major challenge, however, on outsourcing was the comp romise in quality contrary to their agreement with the supplier. As a means of lowering the product prices, the organization is further venturing into internet marketing. This will not the affect product prices and so will keep their prices low. Another strategy that the organization plans to use is branding. In increasing their sales, they are planning to display the country of origin of these items on each of them. This will give the customers an opportunity to compare similar products of different origins and give feedback on their preference. In making distribution decisions they rely on market research and decide on which products to be taken in which areas basing on the demand. Also through their loyalty programme, they are able to contact customers and get their views on a given product. Monitoring of marketing results against targets in the marketing plan The marketing results for the just concluded financial year are a reflection of the targets that were set for the period. The marketing department is a solid team that has not been cowed by threats posed by competitors. The main contributors to the combined growth in sales were the BBQs, accounting for 40% of the sales. The outdoor furniture was also influential, contributing 35% of the sales. The BBQ consumables settled the remaining 25% of the sales. The expansion of the business will play a significant role in increasing the sales volume. The increased sales volume will lower the average cost per unit and hence lead to an increased profit margin. This will be vital for the implementation of the guarantee offered to clients.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Monitor Marketing Strategies and Tactics: BBQfun specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In marketing, it is important that clients timely receive after sales services pledged by the company. Research has indicated that honouring of pledges made to clients is an important marketing tool (Ferrell Hartline 2010). It is observed that there is an increase in the contribution of sales from BBQ consumables. This is very important to the chain stores given that the marketing strategy targets clients visiting the stores in pursuit of consumables. The recently launched program aiming at enhancing customer loyalty is bound to hit faster with increasing sales from consumables. This will attract a number of customers and hence, a vital tool for monitoring progress made by the marketing team. Monitoring of marketing revenue and costs against budget The costs for marketing of BBQfun have increased in the recent years. It is noted that, in the last financial year, a total of $290,000 went into marketing. Advertising over the radio took a significant share; having received up to $70,000. The remaining $220,000 was spent on other means of product promotion. This was indeed an increase in expenses given that a majority of the product promotion tools were being used for the fir st time. There was a significant increase in revenue for the chain stores. This is attributed to the aggressive marketing that was carried out by the marketing department. The vibrant marketing strategy facilitated the creation of greater awareness for products offered by BBQfun. It is noted that the loyalty program alone, created 70% product awareness in Brisbane. This was significant in increasing the sales which in return ensured that the chain stores still earned a considerable increment in revenue. This was important given that a number of marketing tools that were employed had not been catered for in the previous financial year’s budget.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Variations in revenue and costs against budget Analysis of the latest IBIS report for the chain industry reveals the need for care in strategy execution. There is a general increase in unemployment and the interest rates are also scaling higher. These are serious issues which are bound to affect budgetary allocations for the current and future financial years. The revenues will be negatively affected by the higher interest rates since the costs will be going up. On the other hand, unemployment will lower the purchasing power and hence an overall decrease in revenue. Conclusion BBQfun is a fast growing chain store. In order for it to go nationwide, there is a need for greater investment in marketing. The current marketing strategy has been instrumental in achieving the significant growth that has so far been registered. It is, however, important that the chain store adopts a new marketing strategy, geared at driving the company towards nationwide operation. References Ferrell, OC Ha rtline, M 2010, Marketing Strategy, Cengage Learning, Connecticut. Kotler, P, Adams, S, Brown, Armstrong, G 2005, Principles of Marketing, 3rd edition, Prentice Hall, New Jersey. This report on Monitor Marketing Strategies and Tactics: BBQfun was written and submitted by user Aarav Gray to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

8 things a great boss does for you

8 things a great boss does for you In the working world, bosses usually fall into one of three categories: bad bosses, good bosses, and bosses that are just okay. You’ve likely had one of these so far in your career. And then, once in a blue moon comes along a  great boss- one that brings out the best in you and makes showing up to work a truly valuable experience. Does your boss go above and beyond? Read on to find out what a talented and nurturing leader does daily for employees.1. Gives recognition and feedbackA great boss sets out clear expectations and then lets you know regularly how you’re doing. Are you meeting expectations? Exceeding them? Are there a few areas where you need more focus? Also, when you succeed or go above and beyond, great bosses show you they’ve seen your extra effort and that they recognize how hard you’ve been working. Without this kind of validation- even the critical feedback- how can an employee hope to grow?2. Helps you market yourselfBosses have access to all kinds of data you may not. If your boss commends you for a new initiative or for reaching a set goal, that’s good. If they help dig up the numbers, i.e. the proof of the impact your actions have made for the company or industry, then they are arming you to succeed even more. Sure, your boss knows you might use these stats to market yourself elsewhere one day, but that’s not the point- the mark of a great boss is caring about the growth and development of employees, no matter where they may land.3. Empowers you to do great thingsYou’re not just allowed to voice your concerns and frustrations as they arise, you’re invited to- no, expected to. The environment of your office is one in which employees are empowered to take on challenges of logistics, products, processes, and procedures with the aim of bettering the company for themselves and everyone else involved. Great bosses aren’t threatened by giving their employees this leeway- they know chan ge from the inside is good change.4. Runs efficient meetingsA great boss’s meetings not only are short, sweet, and to the point- they are also only called when necessary. Great bosses don’t waste their time- or anybody else’s- on time-wasting trips to the conference room where people jot down useless notes. They keep the meeting schedule lean and mean and make each moment count for something. Employees leave meetings energized and keyed up to work, rather than feeling that the same things have been rehashed a different way.5. Encourages your personal growthGreat bosses help you to further your career, even if that means you’ll take your new knowledge and experience and leave your current position or company a little sooner. They give you projects and initiatives that match your interests and ambitions so you don’t feel stuck in a rut.   They also encourage you to take risks and give you the resources and support for those risks to bear fruit for both of you.6. Stands up for work-life balanceGreat bosses dial down the micromanaging and make sure their employees aren’t going home (or coming in to work) exhausted and depleted. They encourage you to take your vacation days, to make use of wellness plans, and to take regular breaks for fresh air, food, and hydration. They want you to flourish as a whole person, not just as some employee robot on their assembly line. And they never get their panties in a bunch about how long you take for coffee breaks or lunch- as long as you get your work done well. They loosen the reins and let you find your own stride.7. Gives credit where credit is dueGreat bosses won’t take credit for your ideas when they’re reporting to  their bosses- they’ll make it clear that a good idea was yours, thereby pushing you up the ladder and commending themselves for having hired you and cultivated your talent. Giving credit is a staple trait of good leadership, but it is unfortuna tely rare.8. Creates a welcoming office cultureIn a healthy workplace, employees feel safe and heard. Great bosses create and cultivate this environment. They earn trust and help their team maintain a real sense of camaraderie. In a great office culture, failures are merely opportunities to learn. Weak links are supported and helped along the path to improvement. Team members are chosen deliberately to complement this community of learning and growth.If your boss is good, consider yourself lucky. If your boss is one of the great ones, soak up all the knowledge you can- you’ve been given a rare professional gift that you should use to your advantage!

Assess the hierarchical structure of the court system in England and Essay - 1

Assess the hierarchical structure of the court system in England and Wales. To what extent does the common law doctrine of bindi - Essay Example The England and Welsh courts have a hierarchical structure that is found within both the criminal and civil courts and represents the different levels of authority within the courts. The supreme court of the United Kingdom is considered as the most superior and senior court in the land that is tasked with high ranking litigations and court cases. These courts are tasked with different roles and constitutional functions within the English jurisdiction. Legal systems are guided to a larger extent by judicial precedents and historical rulings on cases which have striking similarity with the cases at hand. Within the English law and precedent, processing of the applicability and quality of a precedential ruling enables the courts to only apply liable legal rulings that bear similarities to their cases. As stated by the doctrine of binding precedents, the rules and legal laws used in arguing the case in reference must be fully studied and used to form an informed basis of whether to apply the precedent or not (Thomas, 2005). In this paper, the legal system of the Wales and England judicial structures will be analysed to provide their roles as enshrined in the English law enactment of the United Kingdom legislative enactment. ... United Kingdom supreme court The United Kingdom Supreme Court is considered as the final court of appeal in the country that is tasked with various roles and responsibilities that has ensured the development of the English law. All cases heard by the court, whether they are appeal in nature must have been referred to it by other courts below it. According to Hondius (2007), the United Kingdom Supreme Court is the ultimate court of appeal in the United Kingdom that is allowed to hear all cases from all the four kingdoms in the union. It thus makes determination of cases brought before it from England, Wales, Scotland and Ireland after the cases have been referred to it by other courts below it. Apart from high profile civil cases, the court is tasked with the determination of high profile cases of public interest and concern which are beyond the jurisdiction of other courts below it. Apart from the general cases considered of great public interest, the court is also tasked with consti tutional interpretation functions especially on cases involving the different kingdoms and their internal governments (Stone, 2009). Appeal courts of England and wales It is considered as the most senior court below the Supreme Court and hears a number of civil cases brought before it by other courts within the land. One of the major roles played by the high court of appeal of England and Wales is the supervision and directional leadership it has over other subordinate courts below (Gillespie, 2007). As a major court within this judicial jurisdiction, the court has three branches tasked with different roles and responsibilities. The Queen’s Bench division, the family division and the chancery division are the

Entrance Strategies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Entrance Strategies - Essay Example is reason, it is assumed that the license has benefits to both members of the agreement; otherwise, they would not be partisan to the license in the first place. In the corporate scene, the licensor usually receives royalty fees due to the permission granted to the licensee. Unlike in the past, an increased number in licensing agreements has been witnessed, especially in the corporate sector. Although different licenses contain different attributes with respect to the nature of the transaction, it is possible to tell an attractive license from one that is not attractive. Acknowledgement of these characteristics is a sure way of ensuring insulation from anticipated loss because of an unfavorable license agreement. Licensing is unattractive to a firm if: Previous knowledge describes competitive advantage as the ability of a firm to overpower its rivals. It is the condition experienced when a firm it is able to combine elements of its production process in an effective way that outperforms the rivals (John, 1996). Propriety technology is a specific process or item that tends to posses some great deal of benefit to the individual owning it. In actual sense, it may involve a special combination mix whose manipulation yields very rewarding results to the owner. As such, the ability to produce a proprietary technology individually yields an asset that can be quantified in terms of value. It is to be noted that, the proprietary technology is transferrable from one individual to another through sale for instance or even licensing making the tool volatile. This is made possible thanks to the ability to separate the technology from the individual who produced it. Therefore the source of the technology reaps benefits inform of royalties in th e case of licensing it out. Now, based on the adequate background information shared, it is clear that proprietary technology is highly valuable given the high regards associated with it. However, the volatility attribute of the same

Positive and Negative Affective Outcomes

Positive and Negative Affective Outcomes Work stress is a significant problem in the industry. This article explains stress as demands of the job and a person inability to meet those demands. Stress can be both positive and negative. This research has examined the positive and negative effects of stress. For positive stress term Eustress is used and for negative stress the term distress is used. This is a study of one hundred and forty four employees from three New Zealand organizations about stressful work-related events, its effect on performance and moral of the employees. Unlike other studies this research has also focused on positive outcomes of the stress if stress is effectively coped. Cognitive appraisal scale(CAS) was used for primary appraisal. The job related effective wellbeing scale ( jaws ) was used to measure the relation of the employees with their job. Factors which were identified as coping strategies for stress were systematic problem solving, social support, positive reappraisal, self-controlling, confro nted coping, escape-avoidance, accepting responsibility, and distancing. With respect to our research from this article we can identify that stress can be both positive eustress and negative distress. From this research we can identify some variables like Organizational and situational variables such as managerial style and support, work control, organizational culture and employment stability are likely to impact on employees stress. Individual difference variables such as anxiety personality type and optimism/pessimism also affect how an employee takes stress. Article: Positive and Negative Affective Outcomes of Occupational Stress Much research over the last decade has emphasised the negative consequences of excessive work-related demands on an individuals physical and psychological health and wellbeing. While there is as yet no single agreed-upon definition of stress, the present research defines it as a relationship between the person and the environment that is appraised by the person as taxing and endangering his or her well-being (Lazarus Folkman, 1984, p19). Occupational stress arises from demands experienced in the working environment that affect how one functions at work or outside work. Past research has predominantly focused on the negative aspects of stress. This is not surprising given the documented impacts of stress on health, wellbeing and work-related performance. However the positive psychology movement proposes that, instead of focusing on human pathology, research attention should also be directed towards positive health, growth and wellbeing (Seligman Csikszentmihalyi, 2000). It has been argued that stress is a part of life and cannot be avoided, and that stress can result in beneficial outcomes as well as negative ones (Selye, 1973, 1974). If negotiated appropriately, stress can be energizing, stimulating and growth producing for the individual as abilities are extended and new accomplishments made (Quick, Nelson, Quick, 1990). There is increasing interest in the potential for positive outcomes from the stress process including stress-related growth and positive personal changes (Folkman Moskowitz, 2004; Somerfield McCrae, 2000). If a stressful situa tion is resolved successfully then positive, rather than negative, emotions may predominate but there is a need for further to identify the stress-related processes associated with positive and negative emotions (Folkman Moskowitz, 2004). Good health encompasses more than just avoiding disease: it also involves the attainment of positive wellness, emotional, intellectual, spiritual, occupational, social and physical (Nelson Simmons, 2003, p 98). Acknowledging the positive response to the stress process may impact on how stress in the workplace is managed. Distress and Eustress The term eustress was coined by Selye to denote the positive aspects of stress in contrast to distress representing the negative aspects (Selye, 1974). Other influential writers have also suggested that stress is not inherently maladaptive (Hart, 2003; Hart Cotton, 2002; Karasek, 1979; Lazarus, 1999; Lazarus Folkman, 1984; Tedeschi Calhoun, 2004). In the context of the workplace, stressful events can lead to perceptions of positive benefit (Campbell-Quick, Cooper, Nelson, Quick, Gavin, 2003; Nelson Simmons, 2003). However although many researchers have investigated distress, eustress has been neglected until recently. Eustress is defined as a positive psychological response to a stressor as indicated by the presence of positive psychological states. Distress (or stress in keeping with common terminology) is a negative psychological response to a stressor, as indicated by the presence of negative psychological states (Simmons Nelson, 2001). Simmons and Nelson (2001) found eustress and distress to be distinguishable by affective state. Hope, meaningfulness and positive affect were significant indicators of eustress (Nelson Simmons, 2003). Meaningfulness is the extent to which work appears to make sense emotionally and to be worth investing effort in. Hope is the belief that one has both the will and the way to succeed. State positive affect reflects a condition of pleasurable engagement, energy and enthusiasm. Eustress was also associated with task engagement or absorption (Campbell-Quick et al., 2003; Rose, 1987). Task engagement denotes being enthusiastically involved in and pleasurably occupied by the demands of the work at hand (Nelson Simmons, 2003, p 103). This is similar to the concept of flow (Campbell-Quick et al., 2003) in which people are so actively involved in the task that nothing else seems to matter (Csikszentmihalyi, 1990). Distress on the other hand is indicated by negative work attitudes and psycholo gical states such as negative affect, anger, job alienation and frustration (Simmons, Nelson, Neal, 2001). Eustress is similar to the concept of morale defined as the energy, enthusiasm, team spirit and pride that employees experience as a result of their work (Hart Cotton, 2002, p. 102). Distress and eustress/ morale are not mutually exclusive: they can occur simultaneously in response to the same demand and are likely to result from different processes (Hart, 2003; Hart Cotton, 2002). The stress process There is at least some consensus that stress should be seen as a process or interaction between demands and the individuals ability to deal with them (Sulsky Smith, 2005). One conceptualization of this process is the cognitive-transactional model (Lazarus, 1966). The focus of this model is on individual and situational factors that interact with the appraisal of demands to produce outcomes (McGowan, 2004; Sulsky Smith, 2005). Antecedents to Eustress The transactional model considers stress to be a process involving appraisals of threat or challenge (primary appraisal), coping (secondary appraisal) and reappraisal. Primary appraisal involves a decision as to whether a demand (potential stressor) is both relevant and stressful in that it is seen to represent a potential threat to the individuals goals, beliefs or expectations (Lazarus, 1966; Lazarus, 1999). Demands can also be appraised as irrelevant or relevant but benign. A demand appraised as irrelevant or as benign (offering the chance to preserve or enhance wellbeing) does not initiate the stress process as there is no potential threat to overcome (Lazarus, 1999). If a demand is appraised as relevant and stressful then further appraisal takes place. Stressful appraisals include an appraisal of threat or loss, where the individual perceives the demand as exceeding the resources available to cope with it; but also of challenge, when resources are high relative to the demand and there is potential for mastery and personal growth (Lazarus Folkman, 1984). Threat and challenge appraisals represent distinct constructs and are associated with diff erent patterns of physiological arousal (Quigley, Barrett, Weinstein, 2002; Tomaka, 1993; Tomaka, Blascovich, Kibler, Ernst, 1997); subjective experience of strain and affect (Maier, Waldstein, Synowski, 2003), coping expectancies and performance (Boswell, OlsonBuchanan, LePine, 2004; Skinner Brewer, 2002). Threat and challenge appraisals represent distinct constructs and can occur simultaneously (Lazarus Folkman, 1984). Whether a challenge or threat was initially appraised, in order to reduce the demand some form of coping action is taken (Lazarus Folkman, 1984). Coping responses are influenced by initial appraisals. Challenge appraisals have been associated with more use of problem-focused coping (Bjorck Cohen, 1993; McCrae, 1984) while threat appraisals were linked to more emotion-focused coping (McCrae, 1984). While some coping research has linked emotion focussed coping with an increase in distress, the effectiveness of any particular coping strategy depends on its appropriateness (Folkman Moskowitz, 2004; Lazarus Folkman, 1984). Hypothesis 1: Challenge appraisals will be positively associated with task-focused coping. Hypothesis 2: Threat appraisals will be positively associated with emotion-focused coping. Research has predominantly focussed on negative outcomes and has only recently acknowledged that positive emotion can arise in stressful situations as a result of effective coping. Coping responses such as relaxation, direct action/task focussed coping and positive reappraisal can lead to the experience of increased positive affect while inappropriate or maladaptive coping responses may lead to negative affective reactions (Folkman Moskowitz, 2004). Eustress is not simply the result of a positive experience with positive events. It arises from effective negotiation of the stress process rather than a process of passive savouring (Simmons, Nelson, Quick, 2003). Hypothesis 3: Eustress will be positively associated with task-focused coping. Hypothesis 4: Distress will be positively associated with emotion-focused coping. Outcomes of Eustress Eustress has been shown to have a positive impact on subjective as well as objective performance (Skinner Brewer, 2002; Tomaka, 1993), possibly as a result of the increased motivation provided by task engagement. Hypothesis 5: Eustress will be positively associated with satisfaction with the outcomes of the stress process. Hypothesis 6: Distress will be negatively associated with satisfaction with the outcomes of the stress process. Over the long term eustress may result in positive changes in wellbeing, growth, flexibility, adaptability and performance (Quick et al., 1990), while distress may give rise to the stress outcomes commonly discussed in everyday language, for example the negative effects on physical and psychological wellbeing. Simmons and Nelson (2001) found that eustress was related to positive perceptions of health among nurses. Edwards and Cooper (1988), in a review of research on the effects of positive psychological states on health, found that positive psychological states produced an improvement in health both directly through physiological processes and indirectly by facilitating coping with stress (Edwards Cooper, 1988). Although long-term outcomes are beyond the scope of the present study, an increase in motivation, work performance and positive work-related affective states may also increase long-term job satisfaction. Method Three New Zealand organizations participated in the study. These were a public sector organization where fulltime administrative, clerical and management roles predominated; a retail business with part-time and full-time roles and a University department including fulltime teaching, research and administrative roles. Response rates for the three organizations were 52% (85 responses), 44% (26 responses) and 34% (33 responses) respectively. Participants were 74 males (51%) and 67 females (47%). Ages ranged from 18 (11%) less than 21 years, 50 (35%) between 21 and 36 years, 54 (38%) between 37 and 55 years, and 21 (25%) above 55 years in age. Three respondents did not indicate age or gender. The mean time respondents had spent within their current organization was six and a half years (SD = 7.32). There were significant differences between the three organizations only on tenure (F(2,132)= 15.62, p Measures Before answering the questions on appraisals and coping, participants were asked to identify one specific stressful event they had recently experienced at work and to answer the questions in relation to that event. Primary appraisals were assessed by the eight-item Cognitive Appraisal Scale (CAS; Skinner Brewer, 2002). Four questions each related to threat and challenge appraisals. Question two was reworded to relate to a work setting (grade changed to outcome) and all questions were given in the past tense to indicate an event that had already been encountered. Although the CAS assesses both frequency and intensity for each item, no difference in responses were found between frequency and intensity measures (Skinner Brewer, 2002) and so were replaced by a six-point scale where 1 = strongly disagree and 6 = strongly agree. Questionnaire (WCQ) assessed coping strategies used by participants to manage their stressor event (Folkman Lazarus, 1988). The measure assesses actual coping (as opposed to trait coping) by focussing on how the recently experienced event was negotiated. The 66 items of this scale assess eight forms of coping: planful problem solving, positive reappraisal, seeking social support, confrontive coping, escape-avoidance, distancing, self-controlling and accepting responsibility. Coping data were recoded into task-focused and emotion-focused coping as reported below. The Job Related Affective Wellbeing Scale (JAWS) was used to assess participants emotional reactions to their work (van Katwyk, Fox, Spector, Kelloway, 2000). Participants were asked to rate on a scale of 1 to 5 the degree to which they had experienced 30 different emotions over the past 30 days. As the scale focused on recent emotional experience, it tapped state affect and is a valid representative of immediate stress process responses. The emotional responses covered two dimensions: positive/negative affect and arousal. This provided four quadrants: negative affect/low arousal (e.g. My job made me feel bored), negative affect/high arousal (e.g. My job made me feel anxious), positive affect/low arousal (e.g. my job made me feel calm), and positive affect/high arousal (e.g. my job made me feel enthusiastic). Skinner and Brewer (2002) found an association between threat appraisal and negative active affect (e.g. anxiety) but not negative deactivated affect (e.g. boredom) and between challenge appraisals and positive-active affect (e.g. excitement) but not positive deactivated affect (e.g. calm). Emotions should be considered in terms of both valence and level of activation (Skinner Brewer, 2002). High-activation affective responses are consistent with the meaning of threat and challenge, or the need to act to avoid failure and its negative consequences on one hand or to achieve success and its benefits on the other. For the present research eustress was conceptualised as the positive affect/ high arousal quadrant and distress was conceptualised as the negative affect/ high arousal quadrant of the JAWS. The outcome measure for this study was a single item that asked respondents to rate their level of agreement with the statement I felt positive about the outcomes of the situation. Responses were coded so that 1 = strongly disagree and 6 = strongly agree. The limitations of this measure were recognised and addressed as far as possible during the data analysis. Performance and other outcome data were not available for this study. To correct for the unreliability of the single outcome indicator the error term was fixed at a specific value (Bollen, 1989). The fixed value was determined by multiplying the proportion of error variance (1 [rho]) of the indicator by, the variance of the indicator, where [rho] =.80. Statistical Analyses A two stage approach was adopted for the data analysis using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural equation modelling (SEM; see Anderson Gerbing, 1988; Schumacker Lomax, 1996). Stage one involved the building of measurement models for each of the measures used in this study. The rationale for building measurement models is that it allows for the best indicators of a construct to be identified and thus provides evidence for validity of the measure. Given the current sample size it was decided that for the final structural model at least four items for each construct would be used. In essence, this not only increased the subject-variable ratio but also served to identify the most unidimensional set of items to specify a construct. Unidimensionality is an important aspect when exploring structural relationship between various constructs as clear unambiguous measures allow for better predictive validity (Anderson Gerbing, 1988; Schumacker Lomax, 1996). For the CAS a two factor model, challenge and threat, was tested with the final model being specified with the strongest loadings in each subscale. For the JAWS only two factors were tested, high-pleasure high-arousal, and low-pleasure high-arousal, again using the best indicators for these hypothesized constructs. For the WCQ a second order measurement model was tested with eight factors: planful problem solving (PPS), positive reappraisal (PR), seeking social support (SS) self-controlling (SC), confrontive coping (C), distancing (D), accepting responsibility (AR) and escape avoidance (EA). The four best fitting items were used to specify each factor (Anderson Gerbing, 1988). For the full structural model two higher-order factors (task-focused and emotion-focused coping) were specified using subscale scores as observed indicators. Task-focused coping strategies were planful problem solving, positive reappraisal, seeking social support and self-controlling. Emotion-focused coping strategies were confrontive coping, distancing, accepting responsibility and escape avoidance. Having identified the measurement models for each factor a structural model was specified using the hypotheses stated above (see Figure 1). [FIGURE 1 OMITTED] Model Fit For all CFA and SEMs both absolute and incremental goodness-of-fit indexes were used. Absolute fit was assessed using the chi-square statistic. Incremental goodness-of-fit measures were the comparative fit index (CFI; Bentler, 1992), Tucker-Lewis index (TLI) and the root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA; Steiger Lind, 1980). The CFI and TLI indexes have coefficient values ranging from zero to 1.00, with values of .90 and higher being traditionally viewed as representing good fit (Bender, 1992). Fit values for the RMSEA suggest adequate fit where values fall between .08 and .10 and acceptable fit where RMSEAs are below .08 (Byrne, 2001; MacCallum, Browne, Sugawara, 1996); Hu and Bentler (1999) suggest that a RMSEA less than or equal to .06 indicates good model fit (Hu Bentler, 1999). Results The results for the measurement models are presented in Table 1. For the CAS the model fit was good and suggested a reasonable approximation to the data. The reliabilities were .78 and .72 for the challenge and the threat scales respectively. For the WCQ model fit was again reasonable. For each of the lower order factors the reliability estimates were: planful problem solving =.66, social support = .66, positive reappraisal = .79 self-controlling = .63, confrontive coping = .69; escape-avoidance = .77, accepting responsibility = .60, and distancing = .56. For the higher order factors, task-focused and emotion-focused coping, the reliability estimates were .74 and .65 respectively. Results for the JAWS again suggested that the specified two factors were reasonably approximated with reliability estimates of .90 for the positive affect high-arousal (eustress) and .81 for negative affect high-arousal (distress). Correlations, means and standard deviations are presented in Table 2. As expected, challenge appraisal was associated positively with task-focused coping, with eustress and with subjective performance. Although threat appraisal was positively associated with emotion-focused coping it was not associated with distress or subjective performance. Task-focused coping was associated with emotion-focused coping, suggesting that respondents who used more task-focused strategies also used more emotion-focused strategies. Emotion-focused coping was positively associated with distress and negatively associated with subjective performance. Eustress and distress were, respectively, positively and negatively associated with subjective performance. All results for the final structural model were standardized. For the final model the goodness-of-fit was reasonable ([chi square] = 734.1; df = 294: TLI =.92; CFI = .93; RMSEA = .10). All specified paths in the model were statistically significant and in the hypothesized direction (see Figure 1). Hypotheses 1 and 2, that challenge appraisals would be associated with task-focused coping and threat appraisals would be associated with emotion-focused coping, were supported. Hypotheses 3 and 4 that linked eustress and distress to task and emotion-focused coping respectively were also supported. With regard to subjective perceptions of performance in the stress situation, hypotheses 5 and 6 were supported. Eustress was positively associated and distress was negatively associated with subjective performance. Overall the results support the hypothesised model. Discussion The aim of this study was to investigate the antecedents and outcomes of the stress process and to include positive (eustress) and negative (distress) affective outcomes. The research showed support for the hypothesised structural model. The relationships between primary appraisal and coping support one of the key propositions of the cognitive-appraisal model of stress: the choice of coping strategy is affected by appraisals as to whether a demand represents a threat or a challenge. Previous research has found threat appraisals to be associated with greater use of emotion-focused coping (Lowe Bennett, 2003) and this was supported by the present study. Emotion-focused coping was in turn associated with distress and dissatisfaction with outcomes. Challenge appraisals were not related to emotion-focused coping but were related to greater use of task-focused coping strategies. The implications of these findings for stress management in organisations are considered below. As predicted, challenge appraisals were associated with eustress and perceptions that the stress processes had been effectively managed. The choice of coping strategies was also an important influence on affective outcomes: task-focused strategies which focused on addressing the demand were associated with eustress while emotion-focused strategies which failed to address the demand were associated with distress. This suggests that, as proposed by Lazarus and Folkman, when people face a demand it is not the demand in itself but the ways in which the demand is managed that impact upon outcomes. Implications for research The outcome measure in this study was limited to self-reported satisfaction with the outcome of the stress process. Further investigation should examine a broader range of outcomes including objective measures of performance and long term variables including physical and psychological health, both of which have been shown to be affected by work-related stressors. Further research is also needed to address several other issues including the precursors to threat and challenge appraisals and mediators of the stress process. A range of factors may affect primary and secondary appraisal processes. Individual difference variables such as anxiety (Skinner Brewer, 2002), personality (Penley Tomaka, 2002) and optimism/pessimism (Riolli Savicki, 2003) have been linked to differences in appraisals, coping and outcomes. Organisational and situational variables such as managerial style and support, work control, organizational culture and employment stability are also likely to impact upon the stress process. Further research into these factors is important to help build effective strategies for managing workplace demands. Implications for practice Work-related stress is a major problem with serious implications for health and wellbeing but managing it is far from straightforward. This may account for the documented ineffectiveness of stress management interventions(Beehr ODriscoll, 2002; Sulsky Smith, 2005). In managing the stressors at work, it is important to identify, assess and control stressors, but also to avoid removing the rewarding aspects of the job. Distress is not the inevitable consequence of occupational stressors: when demands are managed appropriately growth and positive change can occur as challenges are faced and overcome. Although distress has become a major concern, it is often not feasible to remove all stressors from work and this may not in fact be desirable. Recognition of the potential for positive outcomes of the stress process raises the possibility of identifying ways to increase the task-focused management of work-related demands to increase enjoyment, satisfaction and performance. The challenge lies with providing the tools required to increase the effective management of workplace demands. Any suggestion that cognitive-appraisal models of stress imply that stress is an individual problem, best addressed by teaching positive appraisal and coping, is flawed. Primary appraisal includes a subjective assessment of the balance between demands and resources. Increasing resources or reducing demands is more appropriate and more consistent with legal requirements than attempting to retrain individuals to appraise demands positively, and training in effective coping has been shown to have only limited impact(Folkman Lazarus, 1988). Coping strategies are rarely used singly, and no one strategy or combination of strategies is always effective. The ability to use a repertoire of coping strategies flexibly is important. One component of stress management could be to encourage the use of task-focused and flexible coping behaviour and to promote learning that can be generalised to new situations, but stress management begins with consideration of organisational issues. Leadership, pe er support, organisational culture and policies, work design and reporting arrangements are important as are job analysis, staff selection and training to enhance role clarity and the fit between the person and the work environment. Effective systems for motivation and performance management are essential.

Buddhists’ religious beliefs with regard to health and healthcare

Buddhism is considered as both a philosophy and a religion involving a number of practices, beliefs and traditions based on the teachings of Siddhartha Gautama, commonly referred to as Buddha – â€Å"the awakened one†. Buddha, who lived in the northeastern part of India in the 6th and the 4th centuries BCE, taught about dukkha (helping the sentient beings escape suffering), achievement of nirvana as well as about escaping what Buddhists believe, is the cycle of suffering and rebirth. The religion has got two branches – the Theravada and the Mahayana (Coward & Rattanakun, 1999).While these two branches enjoy a widespread following across Asian countries, Buddhism has grown tremendously over the centuries and can now be found in every part of the world. Considered one of the world largest religions, the current estimates by different sources put the followers of Buddha at about 1. 5 to 1. 6 billion people. The understanding of ill health by westerners and Buddhists is similar but the latter group lays more emphasis on having a balance interaction between the body and the mind and also between life and the environment as the source of good health.According to Buddhists, when this balance is upset, illness would arise. In correcting such imbalances, the Buddhists’ practices stress the need for a spiritual strength couple with an overriding sense of purpose in life which is based on a compassionate service for others (Coward & Rattanakun, 1999). According to Buddhists, this does not only make it possible for a person to create value even when faced with the severest of adversities like sickness or disease but enables one to learn from the experience for his or her personal growth.Since Buddhists believe in rebirth, human birth is considered as the start of a highly precious opportunity. To them, it is a unique occurrence since it presents an opportunity for the full development of human mind as well as realization of the compassion. With regard to conception, Buddhists believe that a child is conceived when consciousness merges with an already fertilized egg. It is then therefore that life begins. It is for this that Buddhists permit birth control methods that prevent conception but prohibit abortion. Death in Buddhism is an important occurrence and is viewed as a transition to the next life.A lot of spiritual energy is devoted to death and there are practices that must be observed to provide peace for the dying people. According to the Buddhists, death occurs in stages which involve disintegration of life’s physical elements into various subtle elements which culminates into the disappearance of the consciousness from the body (Coward & Rattanakun, 1999). Because when a person dies peacefully he or she would have high chances of a better rebirth, Buddhists strive to composed and calm the mind of the dying person through prayers and some special texts.Buddhism is a religion full of rituals that are geared tow ards promoting health. The Theravada Buddhists are known to burn the bodies of the dead. Because the body of the Buddha was cremated, this group of Buddhists practices this ritual in every part of the world. When a person is dying, monks are invited to comfort him or her. Prayers and verses are said to them to prepare them for their peaceful death. The bodies are then burn upon death (Coward & Rattanakun, 1999). A major conflict between Buddhism religious beliefs and the popular medical culture is on the bioethical decision making.While Buddhists uphold life and consider it sacred and therefore everyone should continue to live as much as possible, they do not believed that this should be promoted at all cost (Coward & Rattanakun, 1999). For example, Buddhists have little regard for the life support machines which they consider useless when the mind is no longer conscious. Being conscious and feeling less pain are the two basic factors that determine when a person should die accordin g to Buddhists. Once the conditions are extreme, Buddhists believed that it would be appropriate to die and therefore a natural and peaceful death would be much in order.In conclusion, it is clear that the views on health by Buddhists and the modern medicine are quite incompatible. However, they can be used to complement each other. An understating of the Buddhists’ perspective on health and healthcare may serve to widen the scope of the modern medicine through adoption of the rich philosophies of Buddhists on health and life. References Coward, H. G. & Rattanakun, P. eds (1999). A cross-cultural dialogue on health care ethics, Wilfrid Laurier University Press: Toronto.

Conscience – personal creative writing

He was dressed in a sluggish grey-green coat with dull checks. It reflected his character like a murky pond and the story he was feeding me smelt the same. I didn't like his attitude. The way he leered at me with his nicotine yellow teeth and thin sharp lips. It made me feel really uncomfortable. Like I shouldn't be there. I'd forgotten, as usual that I wasn't invited. I noticed that as he repeated himself his gnarled fingers were ever whitening at the knuckles. His hair was greased back off his face as if he'd put a vat full of chip fat on it. It made him look slimy and manipulating. If he'd been a well dressed man with a polite attitude I would not have given a second thought to his wife's suicide. The man in front of me was showing no sign of remorse, not even the slightest bit of sadness. The emotions that float in the air catching normal people unawares must either bounce off his highly polished forehead or slide down the nape of his neck. The flat was quite large with a private elevator at the back. A desk sat in the middle of the room. It was an old solid oak desk with two top draws and ink stains on the blotting paper. The worn out typewriter had the last written words of Mrs. Harrison stuck in it and sat there like a smug omen. People from forensics were buzzing about dusting this and bagging up that. They made the place look like an ant colony. It is very distracting to have someone spying for the minutest thing out of the corner of your eye. I went to have a look round myself. All the furniture, as far as I could see was dating back to the late 1930's yet it was all in impeccable condition. Scattered on the shelves were objects and ornaments the couple had gathered from their short married life. China dogs, vulgar things, cluttered up the iron fire surround. On the mantelpiece slept two speakers, dusty with neglect. Something caught my eye. Two brass bookends. Neither of them particularly aesthetic yet that wasn't what drew me to them. One was brown with dirt and grime, however the other was clean as the day it as bought. I called over Pete, a friend of mine in the forensics team. We were at college together until I went ‘over to the dark side' as he would say. Pete is the type of guy you could quite easily fall in love with, if you allow yourself. His hair is tight and curly. The colour of midnight. Granted, his nose may be slightly out of proportion but the ocean blue colour of his eyes! Deep, full with care yet not deep enough to hide his soul. He told me he would take the bookends off for dusting and get back to me. I couldn't help but stare as he swaggered away in his own original style. The swagger that leaves all girls stranded†¦ Waking my self up I walked back to the beetle red settee where Mr Harrison was lounging. I was sitting on the arm of the chair, trying to spot an intelligent comment from the ones reflected in his mirror forehead. I persuaded him to tell me a bit about his wife appearance. According to him she was of medium height, hourglass figure and full it the face. He got out a photo of her. She was really pretty. Her hair was sandy and fly away with dark brown eyes and full lips. The complete opposite of her husband. That then began to arouse my suspicions of her playing away. I didn't address this issue straight away; I felt it wasn't wise but I did ask what the professional relationship was between he and his wife. At this comment his attitude got blacker once more. He spoke bitterly of how she was clever and outgoing. She had been working as his accountant when they met and ‘slowly weaved her way up to the executive managers position'. It was the way he said it that made your blood chill like an ice cube had just been shoved down your back on a freezing winter day. There was certainly some jealousy going on. I could not fathom why a pretty intelligent girl could want to end her life so suddenly and tragically. Couldn't she have just settled for divorce? Was he threatening her? One thing was for sure; this was no ordinary suicide. I had to find out what really happened earlier that night. I bid good day to Mr Harrison and went to the front elevator. As I waited I tried to heave the sense out of this scene like the heavy contraption heaving itself up to the 18th floor. With the bing of the lift the cold air hit my face once more. The streets of LA are awesome. Especially at night. The rain pattered down as it had been threatening to do all day making the pavement shine like liquid silver. The starlight filled the roadside trees with a magical light like a thousand faeries having a party. A newspaper tickled my feet then went on its way to the next obstacle. Out of the corner of my eye I saw a crumpled heap, slumped in the doorway of a closed down chemists. It was partly illuminated by the street light. The other part shadowy and ghost like yet remarkably there. It churns my heart to see these things. From somewhere in amongst the churning it became clear that this fellow might know something. I strolled over as casually as I could muster in the below zero temperature and crouched down beside him. His face was like a canvas of war; his eyes hollow and lifeless. This guy didn't have a single dream or hope left to hang on to in the great pendulum of life. He'd let go just waiting for it to hit him on its inevitable return swing. He showed an utter disgust towards me once I'd told him I was a detective. It made my job really hard. I had started off with a gentle motherly tone but I soon lost it to the wind. What is the point in trying to give these people respect if they judge you on face value and smell of dustbins and public toilets. He assured me that he was awake at the time I quoted and heard no scream. I hurried away as quickly as I could leaving him to mutter under his breath.

The Significance of Animal Symbolism and its Effect on...

The Significance of Animal Symbolism and its Effect on Gender Role Throughout many ancient Greek texts, there are aspects of nature playing important roles in the main plot. Sometimes they assist the thesis through a metaphor or simile which better visualizes the authors true meaning. Lions have many different personality traits which make them extremely diverse creatures. This also promotes various applications to characters in literary works. In two works, the Oresteia by Aeschylus and Euripides Bacchae, we see a continuing line of examples of lion imagery. Alongside this literary aspect, the analysis of characters gender roles is possible. When observing these two concepts both individually and in conjunction with each†¦show more content†¦She is correctly associated with death. Arthur Keith correctly states that: The coming of gentle Helen to Troy and her change to Erinys, wreaking ruin upon the city, are represented by a long allegory of the young lion reared in a shepherds home which in time shows its innate savage nature (Keith 108). Helen also carries meaning in her name when observing the nomen/omen aspect of Greek literature. Her name is associated with the death of ships; she brings on destruction. Not only is Helen portrayed by this illustration of oncoming deceit, but also Agamemnon. He describes himself as the blood-thirsty lion who leapt over the walls and feasted on the blood of kings when speaking about the wooden horse in the Trojan War (lines 828-829). The soldiers hid within the horse and until it was inside Troys city walls, then they ransacked the numerous homes of their enemies. The images of Argive beast and ravening lion represent the soldiery concealed within the wooden horse (Keith 124). The mentioned act of cannibalism, or feeding on the blood of ones own people, is a common theme in association with Agamemnons family. His uncle, Thyestes, is known for eating his own children, and therefore bringing the unbreakable curse upon him and his family. Here, the meaning of Agamemnons words involves eating the flesh of his enemies. Clytemnestra is comparedShow MoreRelatedThe Merchant Of The Old Man And The Sea1096 Words   |  5 PagesWhat is the role of the sea in The Old Man and the Sea? The rich waters of the Gulf Stream provides many animals/figures that the old man observes and greets. Through Santiago’s interactions with these figures, his character emerges. In fact, Santiago is so connected to these waters, which he thinks is cheerful as a sometimes fickle lover, that the sea acts almost like a lens through which the reader views his character. 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